Mar 23

The Three Emotional Programs for Happiness: Esteem and Affection

Posted in Techniques
This entry is part 3 of 6 in the series Breaking the Emotional Cycle

If everyone loved you – or even if anyone loved you – you’d be OK. Right?

This is the emotional program of esteem and affection. Last week I looked at the program of power and control, as part of this series on breaking the emotional cycle that promises us happiness but delivers frustration and misery. Next week, we’ll consider security and survival. But today: Esteem and affection.

Jeanne Segal’s book The Language of Emotional Intelligence: The Five Essential Tools for Building Powerful and Effective Relationships has a lot to say about all of the emotional programs, though she doesn’t use that terminology specifically. Her starting point is the very early experiences of small children, and the kind of “attachment” that we establish with our mothers (or equivalent caregivers).

One of the ways that the attachment bond can go wrong is if we don’t get a secure sense of esteem and affection – if our caregivers are distant, inconsistent or negative towards us. We then tend to spend our lives attempting to complete the uncompleted bond, driven from relationship to relationship or achievement to achievement seeking the esteem and affection that we crave – quite often driving people away from us and bringing about crashing failure in the process.

Trophies
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Because the unfortunate paradox is that people who have a secure inner sense of worth are a lot more likely to attract affection than those who desperately crave it. Likewise, people who are confident and centred are more likely to achieve great things than those who are desperate to be applauded. My neice, who’s staying with us at the moment, is a fan of American Idol, and I’ve watched some of the auditions with her. It struck me very strongly that the people who are interviewed saying, “I’m the greatest singer in the world, I’m just the best” are often completely without talent and sing in hideous, forced voices. Meanwhile, the people who have some stability and inner strength, who have families that they care for or who have been through difficult personal experiences like major illness – who have a sense of themselves that’s not dependent on whether they can get into a singing competition or not – perform in a relaxed, appealing, natural manner and are often very good.

The besetting emotion of someone with a strong program for esteem and affection is sadness, the feeling of being alone and abandoned, of loss. Their inner dialogue is one of worthlessness, desperation and need. What they think they need, what drives them, is recognition and love, but they secretly believe they don’t deserve it. Some people even feel compelled to sabotage it if they get it, so that their inner beliefs about the way the world works can go unchallenged.

[Dying inside]
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What is the way out? The way out is the way in. Just as the way to deal with issues of power and control is to let go of the desire to control the world and those around you and build a sense of control within yourself, so the way to deal with issues of esteem and affection is to let go of the search for external validation and build a sense of authenticity and validity within yourself. And I know of no better way (in fact, I know of no other way) to do this than through the various forms of meditation.

As I mentioned at the beginning of this series, my own meditation practice is in the Centering Prayer tradition, which is also where I’m getting the terminology of the three emotional programs for happiness. That’s not the only way to meditate by any means, or even the only one I would recommend. One thing, though, that Centering Prayer has as an emphasis which is less prominent in most other traditions is the emphasis on letting go.

Curious look
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The basic practice of Centering Prayer is to sit for 10 or 20 minutes and let go of each thought as it arises by returning to a preselected word or phrase. Unlike other “concentrative” traditions like TM, the word or phrase is not something to focus on – in fact, the word itself is something to let go of. Everything, thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, are there to notice and gently let go. Part of the charm of the method is that it’s impossible to get it wrong. Either you are successfully sinking into a state in which you have let go of your thoughts, or you are successfully encountering each successive thought and letting it go, over and over again.

My version of Herbert Benson’s Relaxation Response Practice is actually a simplified version of Centering Prayer (and the other practice on that page, the Welcoming Prayer, emerged from the Centering Prayer tradition). I’ll have much more to say about these practices in later posts. For now, here’s something to reflect upon: When you feel a sense of sadness and loss, what is it you’re really missing?

UPDATE: I’ve now revised the material in this series and turned it into a self-reflection process as part of my ebook, Your Emotional Hamster Wheel and How to Get Off It. It’s included when you sign up for my free Simple Stress Management Techniques course.

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Aug 11

Building Up the Bodymind: Food for Mood?

Posted in Background
This entry is part 4 of 8 in the series Mind-Body Healing

As I mentioned in my last post, I’m reading Candace Pert’s fascinating book Molecules of Emotion at the moment, and her theory of the “bodymind” as one integrated, dynamic network is seizing my imagination. She’s a prominent scientist who has worked mostly on peptides, the “molecules of emotion” of her title, which are the means of communication between a number of bodymind systems.

Molecule display
Creative Commons License photo credit: net_efekt

Peptides are made up of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. There are a number of different amino acids, but there are 8 in particular that we can’t make for ourselves out of other amino acids, and we have to take these in through our food. They do get recycled, and if our diet is inadequate we can sometimes get them from the proteins that make up much of our body’s structure, but ultimately we have to eat them or we won’t have enough.

Because the peptides (and other messenger molecules which keep the body’s systems coordinated) are made from them, a lack of one of these essential amino acids is clearly a problem. Normally this doesn’t occur, of course, since they are common enough that any reasonably normal diet should contain all of them in sufficient quantity. Vegetarians have to be careful, though, and there are some subtleties to be aware of.

Sleepy Subway Days
Creative Commons License photo credit: Tina Keller

As an example, I’ll start with tryptophan, which I came across when researching my Sleeper’s Checklist. Tryptophan is the precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin and the neurohormone melatonin. Melatonin is thought to be involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, while serotonin is well known for its role in mood regulation. Antidepressant drugs apparently relieve depression by affecting the levels of serotonin available in the brain. The exact reason why this relieves depression (and why the antidepressant effects take a couple of weeks to kick in, even though the effect on serotonin is very rapid) is not yet fully understood.

Serotonin is also important in the digestive system for regulating the movement of the intestines, and in fact about 8 or 9 times as much serotonin is found in the digestive system as in the brain. In the brain, it modulates appetite, sexual desire, mood, anger and sleep, among other behaviours and drives. A Swedish study has even suggested a correlation between the density of a particular kind of serotonin receptor in the brain and the likelihood of having had a religious experience.

Heavens Gate
Creative Commons License photo credit: h.koppdelaney

Since serotonin is made from tryptophan, and we can’t make tryptophan, it’s important to have adequate levels of tryptophan intake in our diet – but it’s not just that simple (things seldom are when neurotransmitters are involved). Two other amino acids, phenylalanine and leucine, “compete” with tryptophan to be transported into the brain across the protective membrane which surrounds it (the blood-brain barrier), so not just the absolute amount, but also the ratio, of tryptophan to these other amino acids is important. Also, in some conditions such as lactose intolerance (difficulty digesting dairy products) or fructose malabsorption, tryptophan is not properly absorbed by the gut. Interestingly, fructose malabsorption has been linked to depression.

Nuts 2
Creative Commons License photo credit: steffenz

So what foods help balance the books for tryptophan? Bananas, dates, pineapples, plums and nuts are mentioned in one article on nutrition, depression and sleep. However, an editorial in the Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience tends to minimize the contribution of diet to serotonin levels, though it does note some interesting correlations between levels of American corn or maize consumption and homicide rates in countries around the world (corn being relatively low in tryptophan). That article places more stress on changes in thinking, exercise, and exposure to light as non-drug means of raising serotonin levels (and I’ll talk about those more in future posts).

Not just serotonin levels, but the rate of serotonin turnover, seem to be significant in relation to violent behaviour and suicide. Low serotonin turnover, for reasons as yet not understood, correlates with high rates of these behaviours. So it isn’t just how much you have, but how long you’ve had it, apparently.

I was recently reading about another study correlating consumption low-tryptophan foods with aggression, not at a population level but in individuals. Moeller et al. (Tryptophan depletion and aggressive responding in healthy males, published in Psychopharmacology) found in 1996 that healthy young men, after 24 hours of a low-tryptophan diet and having been given a tryptophan-free amino acid mixture, responded significantly more aggressively a few hours afterwards than the same subjects under control conditions. So feeding aggressive or suicidal people on, for example, Diet Coke and corn chips (high in phenylalanine, low in tryptophan) seems like it would be a bad idea.

I’m not going to do the Usual Internet Thing and make a flat-out statement about how eating such-and-such a food will work a miraculous change in your mood because of its tryptophan content, though. The mechanisms are more complex than that. Diet does contribute to mood, and so eating a well-balanced diet that is well adapted for your particular biochemistry and other circumstances is an important contribution to keeping your bodymind in good order, but it’s just not as simple as eating more tryptophan-containing foods in order to feel better.

For further information, I suggest Nutritiondata.com and the World’s Healthiest Foods website, two excellent sources of information about food and health. (Those links lead to pages directly relevant to tryptophan.)

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Aug 9

Live Your Life Well

Posted in Reviews

I’m always pleased to find good stress resources. There are many simple things that we can do to manage stress, and doing so is a significant health benefit. So here’s a website from Mental Health America: Live Your Life Well.

There’s a test to evaluate your stress, and there are ten sensible tools for handling it better (also available for iPhone). They are:

  1. Connect well with others.
  2. Stay positive
  3. Get physically active
  4. Help others
  5. Get enough sleep
  6. Create joy and satisfaction
  7. Eat well
  8. Take care of your spirit
  9. Deal better with hard times (coping skills)
  10. Get professional help if you need it

All of these are great advice, and I think I have recommended all of them right here at one time or another. I’m planning a short series at the moment on number 7, because I’ve come across a few interesting and little-known facts about how food affects mental functioning. Watch this space. And in the meantime, check out Live Your Life Well.

(These days I probably need to say this: This is a spontaneous recommendation of a website I found. They didn’t approach me and I don’t receive anything for recommending them. I don’t do link exchanges under any circumstances.)

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