Nov 1

Why You Get Upset (and What You Can Do About It)

Posted in Techniques

I know I said in my last post that I was going to talk this time about undoing the past, but that post isn’t ready in my head yet. (I really need to stop predicting the future, even the bits that I have some control over. It so seldom works out.)

Instead, I’m going to talk about why you get upset, why that’s completely understandable, and what you might do about it if it distresses you. It’s a direct follow-on from How to Hold Your Outcomes Lightly.

Over on my other blog, How to Be Amazing, I wrote recently about what to do when you offend someone. It wasn’t just a random choice of topic. I’d offended some people – not deliberately – with a guest post I wrote on another blog. One of the people I’d offended later came to my “what to do when you offend” post and left a lovely comment, and that got me thinking about why people get upset, as she had originally done.

Why you get upset

You get upset – angry, sad and/or afraid – when you feel threatened. That’s probably not a big revelation, but let’s think about it for a minute and unpack some of the implications.

Any time I’m feeling these strong emotions, it’s because I believe something has threatened my wellbeing. I talked about this last time in The Real Secret.

I have some belief that things “should” or “must” be otherwise than they in fact are, and that because they are not that way my identity, my existence, my wellbeing or the things I value are under threat of destruction.

And the reason that I believe this is that the situation reminds me, in some way, of a situation in which I felt that way before.

Often, what’s going on is what the Transactional Analysis folks call “hooking the not-OK child”. All of a sudden I’m a helpless little kid again, one who’s in a bad situation that he doesn’t know how to deal with. I feel intensely unresourceful in that moment, and so instead of using my many years of experience of solving problems rationally and effectively, I strike out, run away, or turtle up and stop interacting.

When I wrote a post that used stuttering as an analogy for procrastination, I hooked a number of not-OK children who had been teased and bullied for stuttering. I don’t stutter, but I’ve been teased and bullied, and it’s painful. Naturally, in many cases, their first reaction was to strike out. (The non-striking-out ones didn’t leave comments, but I’m sure there were some people in that category too.)

Getting upset is perfectly understandable

Crying
Creative Commons License photo credit: rabble

Getting upset when you feel threatened is understandable. It’s natural. It’s usual. It’s human nature. Everybody does it.

It’s not necessarily desirable.

Crapping in your pants is also natural, also part of human nature, but we teach our children not to do it.

As children, we also get taught not to express our upset, or at least not to express it in particular ways that are unacceptable to our particular parents or their culture. That doesn’t mean, of course, that we don’t get upset, just that we get better at hiding it, and/or express it in ways that were rewarded (or at least ways that escaped the degree of punishment that would have caused us to change our behaviour).

What we seldom get taught is how not to get upset in the first place. The parallel with defecation only goes so far. We have to relieve ourselves regularly, but we don’t have a biological need to regularly get upset.

If we know how not to get triggered, or how to deal with the feelings if they do get triggered, there’s no reason we can’t deal maturely with all of our challenges, without falling into the unresourceful not-OK child mode at all.

Anger, fear and sadness are often distressing, not only to you but to people around you. They don’t usually help to resolve the situation. They are completely understandable, and no blame attaches to you for feeling them (you feel what you feel, and nobody can tell you not to). But it’s often more adaptive and more helpful to give those feelings less control of the situation rather than more.

What happens when you don’t act out of upset

I’m not going to claim any kind of flawless victory in the Incident of the Ill-chosen Metaphor. When I first started to see the comments piling up on my guest post, I was, yes, upset. I had several reactions:

  • Anger at being misinterpreted
  • Defensiveness at being criticized
  • Sadness because I’d hurt other people
  • Fear for my reputation

All of those were natural and understandable.

The thing that I did right, though, was that I didn’t respond immediately and primarily out of those upset feelings. Instead, I:

  • recognised that the upset feelings of the people leaving comments were natural and understandable – I adopted some of their viewpoint.
  • realised that some of their upset came not from what I had said but from what it reminded them of.
  • accepted responsibility for my own role in the situation.
  • apologised.

This had two good outcomes, from my perspective, in that two of the strongest critics calmed down and became much more positive. To use the language of transactional analysis again, by speaking from my Adult I had engaged their Adults and brought them out of the not-OK child. One of them has actually become a subscriber, which is a result well beyond what I expected.

So there are the benefits of not reacting out of upset - but how do you get to do that?

How not to get upset

If you’ve read the Emotional Hamster Wheel ebook that’s part of my free Simple Stress Management Techniques course, you’ll know the answer already.

The key is to start paying attention to your upset reaction so that you can start to slowly, slowly insert wedges between the stimulus (the event that reminds you, rightly or wrongly, of a threat) and the response, and widen the gap.

You can work backwards from the reaction to the irrational beliefs that trigger it off. You can work forwards from it, and put longer and longer pauses in before you react, to give your brain chemistry a chance to normalise and your rational brain to come back online.

And you can use self-calming techniques (such as the ones in the other ebook in Simple Stress Management Techniques) to reduce the intensity of your feelings in the moment and let you see above the emotional alligators.

With time and practice, you’ll be able to do it without as much concentration.

It’ll become natural and usual. Like second nature.

Sign up below to get early notification and a discount on my forthcoming book, How Not to Change Your Life.


Oct 27

The Real Secret: How to Hold Your Outcomes Lightly

Posted in Techniques

There’s a movie that you may have seen. It’s been very successful, and a lot of my fellow personal development bloggers are into it.

It teaches you to fantasize obsessively about material possessions, to deliberately delude yourself into relentless positivity, and to blame yourself whenever things go wrong.

Why any personal development blogger would promote this claptrap is beyond me, particularly since the research is so consistently against it. (Fantasizing about outcomes reduces your chances of achieving them, trying to remain relentlessly positive arguably leads to worse outcomes than realism, and self-blame is, surely, a problem, not a solution.)

And yet, the Flaw of Distraction has made millions, not just for its originator but for many other promoters who know an easy sale when they see one. Tell people to do what they were going to do anyway (dream about the impossible), promise them that they’ll get what they want without doing any actual work, and then leave yourself the out that if it doesn’t work, it’s not because the process is wrong and completely flawed, it’s because they weren’t doing it perfectly? That’s a formula for success – not for the suckers, I mean customers, who buy it, of course, but for the hucksters who sell it.

Now, there are some people who promote this idea who genuinely believe in it, of course. Most of them, though, have probably adapted it and added to it to make it work – put the nuance back in and realigned it with actual reality. What they’re selling is not the original, pure snake oil.

Anyway, I’m going to tell you about a completely different, in fact opposite, secret. This one actually works.

The secret to success and happiness is holding your outcomes lightly.

Easy as ABCDE

Let me introduce you to Albert Ellis.

Ellis was a very strange, but very brilliant man who founded Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy, basically to deal with his own issues, which were numerous.

He introduced a very simple mnemonic – you’d strain to make up a simpler one – for the process of his therapy. It goes like this: ABCDE.

A is for Adversity

Adversity (or the Activating Event) is any challenge that we face in life. It might be getting turned down for a date, an extra demand at work, a near-miss on the road, being eliminated in a competition - anything.

In itself, it’s just a thing that happens.

B is for Belief

We think the problem arises from the event, but it doesn’t. It arises from our irrational belief about the event.

The Adversity is just a thing that happened. The Belief – that that thing should not have happened, must not happen, is the end of the world, cannot be allowed to stand - is what converts a thing that happened into a crisis.

C is for Consequences

Beliefs have consequences. If we believe that the thing that happened is a horrible, terrible, wrong thing, we will be angry, sad, afraid. We will think things and do things and say things in response to the event – or rather, in response to our belief about the event.

The things we say and do and feel and think are the actual problem. Not the adversity – that’s just a thing that happened. Not even the belief, though that leads to the problem, the consequences. Because those thoughts, feelings, words and actions, arising from our irrational beliefs, don’t change the situation for the better. Instead, they make it worse.

D is for Disputing

Wtf?
Creative Commons License photo credit: Alex Barth

Ellis’s method was to dispute the irrational beliefs. He was very confrontational about this in his own practice, swearing and shouting and talking over his client to challenge their thinking. You don’t need to do this. All you need to do is question the beliefs that lead to the consequences.

There are three key questions to ask about a belief that is causing you distress.

  1. How’s that working out for you?” Whatever else I think of Dr Phil, this catchphrase of his is pure gold. If your belief is making your life miserable, it definitely needs to be challenged. To take an example from my own life, I get annoyed and frustrated when other people use my kitchen and leave it in a mess. That doesn’t help me in any conceivable way.
  2. Where’s the proof for that?” What basis do I have for believing that other people “should” treat my kitchen exactly the way I do – put things in the right places, clean them up immediately when they’ve used them (and in the way I clean them), et cetera? Where is that written?
  3. Is this logical?” Here you’re looking for proof that your belief is not just a reflection of your preferences or desires. If I rewrote my belief as “I would prefer that people who use my kitchen leave it as I would leave it”, does that completely represent my belief, or is there some logical remainder that isn’t just a preference?

E is for Effect

The intended effect of disputing your irrational beliefs is a change in your thoughts, feelings and behaviour that used to arise from those beliefs. You’re able to adopt a response that is less distressing to you (and possibly others), and more likely to result in a positive change to the situation – if such a change is even called for.

You can say, “I would prefer,” or “I would like”, instead of using words like “must” and “should” – as if your preferences were moral laws of the universe.

Your preferences, and my preferences, aren’t any kind of law. They’re preferences.

Holding your outcomes lightly

Rather than obsessing about your desired outcome – imagining it, putting up pictures of it, writing about how great it would be – what if you held it more lightly?

What if you just acknowledged it as something you wanted to happen, and preferred?

What if you put your effort into imagining how to bring it about, and taking action to bring it about, instead of pretending it had already happened and that this had therefore become the best of all possible universes?

What would happen, then, if you achieved it? You would be able to look back on a process – a process you’d paid attention to and participated in and enjoyed for its own sake and been active in – and commend yourself for your hard work, which had earned your achievement. Not by magic, but by a real process of transformation that you brought about in ways you can point to and replicate in the future.

And what would happen if you didn’t achieve it? You would be able to look back on a process – a process you’d paid attention to and participated in and enjoyed for its own sake and been active in – and learn from it so that you could be more successful in future. You’d be free from self-blame, because even if your actions had led to the result you didn’t want, that was a learning experience for you. (You can’t learn from magic.)

Your world would not have come crashing down around your ears because you didn’t get what you wanted. That’s for two-year-olds. You might be disappointed or annoyed, but not devastated or enraged.

And next time round, you’d be able to look out for the same issues which prevented you from achieving your goal last time.

Because you’re allowed to think about the possibility of things going wrong, and plan for it, without it becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Perhaps you might even decide that your original goal wasn’t important to you any more, and you could stop trying to reach it. Perhaps you learned enough just from the process.

Next time, I’ll talk about the effort we put into undoing our pasts – and what might happen if we stopped. But for now, I leave you, as always, with action to take.

Action now

Identify some things that happen that get you upset to no good purpose.

Consider the consequences of the beliefs you hold about those adversities.

Dispute your beliefs.

What was the effect?

Sign up below to get early notification and a discount on my forthcoming book, How Not to Change Your Life.


Oct 13

How (and Why) to Let Go of Emotions

Posted in Techniques

“Don’t choke don’t choke don’t choke…”

As we all know, thoughts like that lead inevitably to choking. Why?

Because trying to suppress a thought gives it power. It’s like pushing against a spring. The harder you push, the more force it pushes back with.

I was reminded of this recently by a post on PsyBlog: 8 Ironic Effects of Thought Suppression. It’s not just thoughts of failure this happens with. Whether you’re trying not to be attracted to someone or not to mention a secret, trying not to be depressed or trying to fall asleep, the harder you try, the more you fail.

Psychocybernetics

Back in the 1960s, Maxwell Maltz had an explanation for this. His book Psychocybernetics (which is excellent, by the way) talks about your mind as a guided missile, heading for the goals you present to it most vividly.

So when you’re trying to think unsexy thoughts, guess what happens?

Your mind heads straight for what you are so vividly imagining.

Suppressing thoughts takes effort

Of course, we can suppress thoughts to a certain degree. But it does take effort. A study in Biological Psychology led by Philippe R. Goldin used brain scans to investigate the difference between two strategies for dealing with distressing thoughts: expressive repression (that is, keeping a “stiff upper lip” and not showing your distress), and cognitive reappraisal (changing the way you think about the distressing situation). Expressive repression was less effective – and took more mental effort.

And this is why it’s harder to suppress thoughts when we’re tired. A pattern I’ve noticed with the people who come to me for help in changing the way they eat goes like this: In the early part of the day, even up to the afternoon, they eat healthily. But when they get home from work, they head for the junk food and undo all their good work.

One likely reason is that they’re tired, and the thoughts they’ve been suppressing all day about how good some chocolate would taste have become stronger than their ability to control them.

How not to be a (thought-suppression) hero

I wanna be just like Spiderman!
Creative Commons License photo credit: The World According To Marty

So, if the battle against thoughts we don’t want to think is doomed to failure, what can we do instead?

We can think the thoughts and then let them go.

Both parts are equally important. Thinking the thoughts (which you’ve actually been doing anyway while you were trying to suppress them) brings them out into the clear light of day and gives our rationality time to kick in. Particularly for thoughts that hold a strong emotional charge, we respond emotionally before we respond rationally, and if we instantly react by pushing the thoughts down again, all we’re doing is winding ourselves up emotionally. We’re never thinking about the thoughts.

Often, when you think about a thought, it becomes obvious that it’s a stupid thought and you don’t really want to act on it. How often have you done something stupid and said, “I didn’t think that all the way through?”

Think your thoughts all the way through. Say you’re attracted to someone inappropriate, for example. Let yourself think about that. Your mind will come up with all the reasons that the attraction is inappropriate and the relationship couldn’t work.

The feeling, of course, will very likely still be there. And this is where the letting go comes in.

Letting thoughts and feelings go

If you’ve been reading my stuff for any length of time you probably know what’s coming next. Yes, it’s the Welcoming Practice. It’s such a good one that I keep teaching it at every opportunity.

First, notice how the feeling is in your body. Where is it located? What is it like? Is it warm, cool, tight, loose? Become aware of it as a body sensation. This simultaneously connects you to it and distances you from it – it’s like letting the thought come into consciousness. It stops the suppression and your attempts to ignore it, but it also gives you enough space to look at it from the outside instead of being carried along in it.

Second, name and acknowledge the feeling. Naming it sets up a circuit between the “feeling” and “rational” parts of your brain and starts to siphon off the activation of the “feeling” part. In the classic Welcoming Practice, you actually say “Welcome, [name of feeling]“, hence the name of the practice. You’re acknowledging the feeling as a part of yourself, as a genuine reaction. You’re not trying to push it away any more. (You’re not, of course, welcoming the situation that led to the feeling, which may be quite harmful and wrong.)

Take your time over each step. When you’re ready, the third step is to gently let the feeling go. Allow its activation to subside, without having led to any action. You might even make a mental or physical gesture of letting something go from your hand. I usually take a deep breath and let it slowly out as I let go of the feeling.

Now you can move on with your life.

Practicing the Welcoming Practice

You may have to keep letting the thoughts and feelings go for a while before they stop bothering you. That’s OK. It’s no more effort than you were spending suppressing them, after all, and that wasn’t working, whereas letting them go will.

So take a moment right now to set yourself a mental alarm. Take a few deep breaths, relax in your chair, close your eyes and tell yourself, “When I’m suppressing a thought or feeling, I notice and remember what to do. I think the thought and let the feeling go.”

For extra effectiveness, write that down and put it somewhere you’re going to see it frequently.

I think you’ll be surprised by the results.

Sign up below to get early notification and a discount on my forthcoming book, How Not to Change Your Life.