Where you challenge yourself and record the results.
When you Google “standard fitness test”, most of the top results have to do with the US military’s tests, which vary by service. Although I’m not American (and am virtually a pacifist), so I obviously don’t need or want to do these tests in order to enter the US military, it did strike me that you could arrange these tests in a sequence, from easiest to hardest, as a number of fitness challenges.
The tests all include upper body strength, usually in the form of situps and pushups, though some forces also include pullups (chinups). The other main component of the tests is cardio fitness (usually tested by running, though there are provisions to test using other methods to allow for people who are injured and can’t complete the running test at the point where they are required to do so).
Most of the tests take age into consideration, though the more “elite” services (Army Rangers, Navy SEALs etc.) do not.
Annoyingly for the rest of the world, the USA still uses non-metric measurements. There are plenty of online converters such as http://www.metric-conversions.org, but basically 1 mile = 1.6km, 1 yard = 0.9m, 1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg.